Basic Marketing Plan- Cell Phones Essay Example for Free

Educational Play: Theories, Perspectives, and Proposals

Instructive Play: Theory, Programs, and Perspectives Abstract The accompanying play program instructive overview and perception subtleties the instructor and chairman viewpoints on execution results in four Virginia Beach schools. The utilization of play as a successful instructive technique is upheld by the far reaching writing audit on the point which examines the significant hypotheses of Piaget, Erikson, and Vygotsky as the establishment for finishing up how to best use play in the formal rudimentary training portion. The information gives an investigate the essential variables driving play program accomplishment just as obstacles to program adequacy. Further research is expected to prove the cementing of play programs as observationally bolstered segments of effective instruction activities. Addition Title Page1 Abstract2 Introduction: Literature Review4 Literature Review5 Method8 Participants8 Instruments8 Process9 Issues and Considerations11 Data Analysis12 Results14 Group A16 Group B18 Group C19 Group D21 Discussion: Use and Limitations22 References:25 Appendices:27 Table 1. All out Respondents Breakdown27 Table 2. Study Race and Gender Demographic Breakdown27 Table 3. Top Suggested Improvements for Play Program Effectiveness27 Appendix 1. The Play Curriculum Teacher Questionnaire28 Introduction: Literature Review In youth training, the hypothesis of play is critical to completing learning regardless of expanding manager and instructor center around testing scores and execution results. Scholars have represented various points of view that address the significance and job of play in the essential training division. Hymes (1981) battles that play is a strong establishment for instructing youngsters just as a wise device through which teachers can precisely watch and evaluate understudy learning. Erikson’s (1950) hypothesis of psychosocial improvement sets that play in accommodating, yet basic to youth advancement. The analyst expresses that play makes a protected space wherein kids can work out their contentions. The creative mind, when permitted to run free, encourages self-investigation and self-rule. A domain can be purposely intended to start play without customizing the child’s commitment and association, in this way supporting opportunity. Piaget (1962) grows play hypothesis from the individual instruction to social association learning and improvement. Play and impersonation become basic components to learning and adjusting to an outer situation as the youngster finds out about their reality and self inside this unique circumstance. This hands-on contribution permits the kid to explore different avenues regarding images and self. As per Vygotsky (1978), play is likewise relevant to building up the capacity to concede prompt satisfaction as dream play helps the kid in adjusting to their conditions and encounters through increasingly develop implies. With the end goal of this investigation, Piaget and Vygotsky’s hypotheses of play will be utilized o assess the utilization of play in the essential training condition for self and social educating; this will be accomplished through a far reaching audit of current writing related to a play program review to associate the hypothetical establishment of play hypothesis with the reasonable use of play in the homeroom. Utilizing four essential play programs in the Virginia Beach school locale, the creator inspects play advancement and deterrent to layout roads for improving the utilization of play in the rudimentary instruction condition. Writing Review The United States educational systems have moved away from the mix of play in essential training regardless of the broad hypotheses and research supporting the significance and utilization of play to youth instruction and improvement. Indeed, even break has been decreased as chairman and instructor center has been coercively moved to center training exercises and grade results (Stokes-Guinan, 2009; Smith and McKnight, 2009) with 40% of school regions having killed †or about disposed of †break inside and out (Zygmunt-Fillwalk and Bilello, 2005). In any case, while less understudies are getting play openings in their organized school educational plan, this doesn't refute the abundance of research proving the social, enthusiastic, and physical advantages of research and play (Stokes-Guinan, 2009). The U. S. system’s prioritization of understudy accomplishment is foolhardy in its scores-center, neglecting to appreciate the structure obstructs that take into consideration understudies to fabricate and continue the limit with respect to more prominent individual and social learning achievement, along these lines improving scholarly favorable position. Play helps kids in exploring this present reality through dream by engaging dynamic, activity, rules, results, and vulnerability (Annetta, et al. , 2009). Research infers that play is both innovative and representative (Galvez-Martin, 1997). Bronson (1995) states that play is significant to human presence and that this need stretches out into human learning as it is kept up and used all through the individual’s life expectancy (Galvez-Martin, 1997). Moreover, play is both an instructive encounter and a learning procedure s youngsters connect with their inward and outer situations. As indicated by Isenberg and Jacob (1982), in play, kids figure out how to learn. â€Å"When youngsters play, they learn† (Annetta, et al. , 2009, p. 1091). This converts into the possibility that, while playing, kids are learning new strategies, methods, and abilities through accidental ways. Examines frequently quote Piaget, Erikson, and Vygotsky’s hypotheses of play in which play enc ourages scholarly, mental, semantic, and social development through intellectual and representative investigation (Rivera, 2009). Fein (1985) models the amazing innovative part of play; be that as it may, the creator likewise maintains play’s imperative commitment to the advancement of language, memory, and critical thinking (Galvez-Martin, 1997). A greater part of present day instruction is characterized by a standard situated authenticity wherein play is, best case scenario, compartmentalized. In 1987, Bergen fought that enabling scholarly accomplishment and intellectual limit required the presentation and consolation of play, expressing that authority of such abilities would bring about increasingly advanced critical thinking and creativity. Play is a domain that encourages more inside and out comprehension of condition, understanding, and reaction; this definition addresses the individual play point of view. In any case, there is additionally a social circle wherein bunches take part in this equivalent advancement yet through social pretending and joint effort (Stokes-Guinan, 2009). As toys go about as images, they can be wisely used to show essential standards and strengthen truthful cognizance (O’Brien, 1993; Galvez-Martin, 1997). In any movement where authority is the expected objective, play is the methods for arriving at this goal (Rivera, 2009). An abundance of points of view on characterizing play and its effect exist; be that as it may, analysts have arrived at accord on the indispensable significance of play in youth advancement and instruction programs utilizing the hypothetical establishments of Piaget (1962) and Vygotsky (1978). Every one of the cited creators refers to different scientists, projects, and scholars in the objective of proving play as a conceivable strategy for instructive results. The biggest purposes of conflict concern the meaning of play and the specific psychological associations. For instance, Piaget’s (1962) osmosis hypothesis doesn't really compare to Vgotsky’s (1978) hypothesis of psychological turn of events (Fox, n. d. ). While these divergences exist, there is little discussion concerning the key significance of play as most of scientists validate the indispensable requirement for play as a urgent system for youth training. Another purpose of disparity is the down to earth utilization of play in the study hall. The scientists offer an abundance of techniques yet neglect to build an accepted procedures model for play program advancement in basic training. Moreover, estimating the results of these projects is a troublesome errand as it is trying to seclude factors and approve causation. There are a broad number of variables occupied with the making of play programs, including government, executive, teacher, parent, and understudy impact and inclusion. The need in inquire about is to move past these impediments and dependence on hypothesis, coming to observationally based proof for the utilization of play programs out in the open and private schooling gatherings. This is a troublesome errand for the scholarly research network. The hypothetical structure for consistently getting a handle on the significance and job of play in learning is established in subjective proportions of study, exampled by reviews, perceptions, and other discernment examinations. There are methods of looking at instructive results utilizing severe strategies of techniques detachment to outline the best procedures by their relating results; however once more, feature that the essential causation stays tricky as each child’s learning style, limit, and molding are interestingly inferred and influencing. Along these lines, look into in this field is probably going to proceed with it direction of working from a sound hypothesis setting by adjusting instructive strategies to fit this build. Technique Participants The Virginia Beach School District has a sum of seven schools (open and private) who have some type of authentic play program right now set up. The focal point of this investigation is in itemizing the accomplishment of actualized programs that have been working these projects for at least two years. In meeting this measure, two schools were wiped out as potential outcomes and another prevented a proposal from securing interest through exclusion of reaction. Accordingly, the overview test populace was decreased to four school gatherings, two private and two open, who qualified and acknowledged investigation consideration. Preceding getting the study, every one of the four school gro

Harry Harlow and the Nature of Love and Affection

Harry Harlow and the Nature of Love and Affection History and Biographies Print Harry Harlow and the Nature of Affection By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 15, 2017 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 13, 2019 Martin Rogers / Getty Images More in Psychology History and Biographies Psychotherapy Basics Student Resources Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In This Article Table of Contents Expand Love and Affection Wire Mother Experiment Fear and Security The Impact of Harlow’s Research View All Back To Top Harry Harlow was one of the first psychologists to scientifically investigate the nature of human love and affection. Through a series of controversial experiments, Harlow was able to demonstrate the importance of early attachments, affection, and emotional bonds on the course of healthy development. A History of Research on Love and Affection During the first half of the 20th century, many psychologists believed that showing affection towards children was merely a sentimental gesture that served no real purpose. Behaviorist John B. Watson once even went so far as to warn parents, When you are tempted to pet your child, remember that mother love is a dangerous instrument. According to many thinkers of the day, affection would only spread diseases and lead to adult psychological problems. During this time, psychologists were motivated to prove their field as a rigorous science. The behaviorist movement dominated psychology and urged researchers to study only observable and measurable behaviors. An American psychologist named Harry Harlow, however, became interested in studying a topic that was not so easy to quantify and measureâ€"love. In a series of controversial experiments conducted during the 1960s, Harlow demonstrated the powerful effects of love and in particular, the absence of love.  By showing the devastating effects of deprivation on young rhesus monkeys, Harlow revealed the importance of a caregivers love for healthy childhood development. Harlows experiments were often unethical and shockingly cruel, yet they uncovered fundamental truths that have heavily influenced our understanding of child development. The Wire Mother Experiment Harlow noted that very little attention had been devoted to the experimental research of love. Because of the dearth of experimentation, theories about the fundamental nature of affection have evolved at the level of observation, intuition, and discerning guesswork, whether these have been proposed by psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, physicians, or psychoanalysts, he noted. Many of the existing theories of love centered on the idea that the earliest attachment between a mother and child was merely a means for the child to obtain food, relieve thirst, and avoid pain. Harlow, however, believed that this behavioral view of mother-child attachments was an inadequate explanation. Harlow’s most famous experiment involved giving young rhesus monkeys a choice between two different mothers. One was made of soft terrycloth but provided no food. The other was made of wire but provided nourishment from an attached baby bottle. Harlow removed young monkeys from their natural mothers a few hours after birth and left them to be raised by these mother surrogates. The experiment demonstrated that the baby monkeys spent significantly more time with their cloth mother than with their wire mother. In other words, the infant monkeys went to the wire mother only for food but preferred to spend their time with the soft, comforting cloth mother when they were not eating. These data make it obvious that contact comfort is a variable of overwhelming importance in the development of affectional response, whereas lactation is a variable of negligible importance, Harlow explained. Fear, Security, and Attachment In a later experiment, Harlow demonstrated that young monkeys would also turn to their cloth surrogate mother for comfort and security. Using a  strange situation technique similar to the one created by attachment researcher Mary Ainsworth, Harlow allowed the young monkeys to explore a room either in the presence of their surrogate mother or in her absence. Monkeys in the presence of their mother would use her as a secure base to explore the room. When the surrogate mothers were removed from the room, the effects were dramatic. The young monkeys no longer had their secure base for exploration  and would often freeze up, crouch, rock, scream, and cry. Harlow’s experiments offered irrefutable proof that love is vital for normal childhood development. Additional experiments by Harlow revealed the long-term devastation caused by deprivation, leading to profound psychological and emotional distress and even death. The Impact of Harlow’s Research Harlow’s work, as well as important research by psychologists John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth, helped influence key changes in how orphanages, adoption agencies, social services groups, and child care providers approached the care of children. While Harry Harlows work led to acclaim and generated a wealth of research on love, affection, and interpersonal relationships, his own personal life soon began to crumble. After the terminal illness of his wife, he became engulfed by alcoholism and depression, eventually becoming estranged from his own children. Colleagues frequently described him as sarcastic, mean-spirited, misanthropic, chauvinistic, and cruel. Despite the turmoil that marked his later personal life, Harlows enduring legacy reinforced the importance of emotional support, affection, and love in the development of children. A Word From Verywell Harlows work was controversial in his own time and continues to draw criticism today. While such experiments present major ethical dilemmas, his work helped inspire a shift in the way that we think about children and development and helped researchers better understand both the nature and importance  of love.

Why Does Alcohol Burn on a Cut or Wound

If youve ever applied alcohol to a cut or other wound, you know it stings and burns. It doesnt matter which type of alcohol you use—ethanol, isopropyl, and rubbing alcohol all produce the effect. The alcohol doesnt physically burn you, but you feel the sensation because the chemical activates the same nerve receptors in your skin that let you know boiling water or a flame is hot. The Science of Pain Special cells called VR1 receptors fire neurochemical signals to your brain when they are exposed to heat. When the receptors are exposed to alcohol, like when you pour alcohol-based disinfectant onto an open cut, the alcohol molecule lowers the temperature threshold required to send this signal. Scientists studying the interaction between ethanol and VR1 receptors have determined the receptors are triggered 10 degrees cooler than normal. Other types of alcohol appear to act similarly. Although it isnt known for certain, the heat generated by cells as part of the inflammation response may act as the source of the burning sensation. Some people believe applying alcohol to skin before damaging it (e.g., for a vaccination) cools the skin enough to prevent or lessen the burning sensation. Even chilled alcohol applied to a cut will sting.

There is no Such Thing as the Essential Nature of Man

There is no such thing as the Essential Nature of Man. What is a human identity, why do we have an urge to separate ourselves from animals and seek individualism as a species? Is there such a thing as an essential nature of man? In order to determine this, we must first define what an essential nature is. The dictionary defines nature as: 1. The material world and its phenomena. 2. The forces and processes that produce and control all the phenomena of the material world: the laws of nature. 3. The world of living things and the outdoors: the beauties of nature. 4. A primitive state of existence untouched and uninfluenced by civilization or artificiality. 5. Theology. Humankinds natural state as distinguished from the state of grace.†¦show more content†¦For this reason it requires a leap of faith, it will be difficult to ever prove, there are no experiments or such that we can cite as evidence. So, is there anything that can set us apart from animals? The first and most obvious concern raised when questioning the separation of man from animals is our common ancestry. In terms of evolution, all animals, and humans descended from one single ancestor. This would seem to imply that animals and we are related, at least by out ancestry, meaning that we would share many of our characteristics with them, meaning that there could not be an essential nature of man, because, we are animals. Another, very similar topic is the question of genetics. This raises several implications, it can be an argument for and against for an essential nature. Genetics tell us that our DNA is remarkably similar to that of all animals, it is merely slightly more complex, and there are very small differences between us and certain animals, such as the primates, suggesting that our nature is also analogous to that of animals. On the other hand though, it does separate us from the animals, a clear distinct ion on a genetic level proving us to be different from animals, at least in terms of number of chromosomes, we have more chromosomes than any other animal, we are different in this respect, meaning, that if our nature is related to our genes, then it is indeed specific only to us. This doesShow MoreRelatedEliza Gamble s Supremacy Of The Male1085 Words   |  5 Pagesand early twentieth centuries. Many of her arguments were geared towards Darwin’s point of view of man being ultimately superior over woman. Women have basic functions and characteristics as dictated by nature through evolution. Women are capable of social and emotional intelligence. They also play an important role as human beings and have various characteristics that are represented and essential to mankind. The social roles are an important factor and these issues affect women. 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Swanage Geography Coursework Free Essays

string(76) " on a few questions in particular that will help prove my first hypothesis\." This is the first of the 2 hypotheses I am going to be focusing on in my coursework, I will be using a variety of graphs and relevant statistics to prove my hypothesis. Throughout my coursework you will notice how I will link back my explanation towards my hypothesis and give my opinion of how shops in Swanage need tourist’s to be able to run their business successfully. * Retail Opportunities In Swanage Urgently Need To Be Redeveloped To Take Into Account The Needs Of Local Population This will be the second of the 2 hypothesises I will be focusing on and developing as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Swanage Geography Coursework or any similar topic only for you Order Now This hypothesis is about redeveloping shops in Swanage that need to be redeveloped; I will be working on this near the end of my coursework as I do see areas which are in desperate need of improvement. As I developing the areas of Swanage which need developing I will give explanations as to why I made that choice and what positive impacts can come from it. Site Map of Swanage For my coursework I was asked to produce a Site Map of Swanage which shows the 6 different areas of the area. * Tourist Facilities * Retail Streets * Holiday Flats * Hotels * Residential Leisure * Residential Houses As you can see from figure 1.2 I took the liberty of colour coding these areas so that it would be easier to analyse later for future reference in my coursework. From the Site Map you can see that there is large amount of Tourist Facilities. This further proves my hypothesis 1 which I will discuss later in my coursework. Why is Swanage a Tourist Attraction? Swanage is a place where it is unlikely for you to walking around aimlessly doing nothing; this is one of the reasons why tourists enjoy visiting the area. There are a lot of things tourist’s could involving themselves with in Swanage. They could visit the beach or go to the retail stores or just relax and enjoy the scenery. The main reason why people would go to Swanage is simply because it is both affordable and enjoyable le which are the two important factor of a vacation. Tourism is very important in Swanage because without it the facilities that are being opened in Swanage will eventually close down due to no profit thereby no developments will be made, which will make swanage a place that wouldn’t be nice to visit. Geology of Swanage Beach In Figure 1.3 you can see it is fairly detailed geological diagram of swanage beach, it also shows all the rocks involved within the beach which will be useful to most geographers. BACKGROUND INFORMATION OF SWANAGE On this Page in my coursework I will give statistics and graphs about some of the relevant information on Swanage like population, Employment Rate, Age Structure etc. From these results it should give me a clear indication about Swanage and its history. Population of Swanage In Figure 2.1 it shows both the statistics and the graph of the Population of Swanage as you can throughout the years is has increased in population. However from the year 1921-1931 there was a major decrease in population. This is probably due to people migrating out of the area because of expenses of houses or people just simply wanted to move out. From 1951 to 2001 there is a constant increase meaning in the future Swanage will overpopulate due to the large tourists and residents. 2001 Census Data for Swanage In Figure 2.2 you can see that it shows both statistics and graphs for the population of Male and Females in Swanage and Dorset. Obviously Swanage is a smaller area than Dorset so Dorset’s results will obviously be greater in population. In both areas Females have a higher population than Males. The reason for this is probably because there are more retail shops that attract for Females than Males. Age Structure This Graph shows the Age structure of people from both Dorset and Swanage. From Figure 2.3 you can see that the people from (18-44) and (60-84) have the highest amount of %. This shows that middle aged people live in Swanage and Dorset than Older or Younger people. This means that most residential people who live in Swanage have Jobs or have Part-time Job and owns a house or an apartment. There are hardly any 16-17 yr olds also there aren’t that many elderly people as well. Conclusion From all of the statistics I have I will make a final conclusion that Swanage will gradually increase in population which would have more females than males. Also most of the residents would have Jobs because most of the population in Swanage are aged form 18-84. EXTENT OF TOURISM The Importance of Tourism In Swanage Tourism is especially important as that is what keep the area going â€Å"money-wise†, without tourism the town would not get no profit therefore will not be able to develop their area. From the land use map there is a pattern which shows how the shops for Tourist’s are near the beach as the beach is the most popular sight in the area. This is what will get tourists motivated to shop in the area. In summer time the tourist visiting rate will increase as the scenery will seem better due to the fact that the weather is beautiful. Who benefits from tourism? The retail store owners would partly benefit from tourism as they are gaining profit from their business which will help them for the future. The whole area of swanage will benefit from tourism as well because with their money Swanage will be able to further develop into something better. TOURIST QUESTIONNAIRE For my coursework I was asked to create a questionnaire based on the tourists of swanage I asked a range of different questions based on relevant information I needed to find out. On this page I will focus on a few questions in particular that will help prove my first hypothesis. You read "Swanage Geography Coursework" in category "Papers" The first question I came across is in figure 4.1 it was to find out which shops tourists use when they are shopping. As you can see from the graph the two highest selected Shops were Restaurants and Supermarkets. This Graph tells me that most people would visit Supermarkets and restaurants while they are in swanage. This doesn’t surprise because on the geography I came a across a handful of Supermarkets and Restaurants for Tourists to visit so this is an obvious result. So far this proving my hypothesis because restaurants and Supermarkets are the essential thing’s a tourist needs so the retail stores would make those types of shops accessible for tourists. This is another question that I have been focusing on in the questionnaire. What this Pie Chart is telling is that because of the impact of tourism, tourism has influenced the area to change the way they run their shops. This is a positive impact as this will persuade more tourists to visit because of the demands previous tourists have made. As you can see from the graph because of tourism there are more restaurants opening and gift shops are opening as well. These are popular retail store for tourist which explains the results. This is the final question I will be bringing forward for discussion as this is one of the most important questions. As you can see from the Pie Chart Tourists would like Easier Car Parking Overall, this is very understandable because on week days and weekends tourists would want to visit shops however the only things delaying their shopping time is Parking. If Tourist’s have more parking then more Tourists will be able to shop thereby giving more profit towards swanage. Another improvements that the tourists have mention was the fact that most of the shops need to be open of Sunday’s this will give them more shopping time to do last minute shopping which is bound to happen at one point or another. If they put this improvement forward swanage will gain more profit. RESIDENTS QUESTIONNAIRE This is one question I chose from the residents Questionnaire which shows which area Residents visit to shop in the surrounding area. Wareham was the most mentioned. The reason for this is because there is more variety of shops to visit which would keep local people interested. I would imagine that it would closer to their work so the journey would be easier. Another key reason why residents would want to shop elsewhere besides Swanage is because there us easier parking so they will be able to visit shops faster. This is one issue that will lead more local people to shop elsewhere besides swanage the reason being, no good car parking facilities. From the Pie chart it shows that 78% think that there no car parks being provided for local people. As I said before because of this issue swanage will lead local people out of the area due to the fact that they have nowhere to park their cars. These are the improvements suggested by the residents of Swanage; overall it is similar to the Tourist’s improvements as both mentioned Car Park as their main concern. Both would rather excellent Car Parking than Shops, I imagine both residents and tourists are annoyed with Car Parks which is the reason they brought it up in the questionnaires. One improvement mentioned in the resident questionnaire which relates back to figure 2.2 is that people require more hairdressers. Because there are more females than males in swanage it is quite obvious that women would be demanding more womanly stores. Conclusion Gathering information from both Questionnaire it is safe to say that the main improvement it Car Parks which is an understandable request. People from swanage should take this on board and make a bigger car park in swanage. They have not got anything to lose because more car parks means more people which means more shoppers which eventually lead to money that they can use to redevelop swanage. RETAIL MAP OF SWANAGE Conclusion As you can see from the annotations I have made you can get a clear idea of the types of shops open on Institute road and Station road. Institute road would be a great place for tourist’s as there are more shops which would be suitable for them, Residents would not find shops on Institute road helpful as they are specifically aimed at tourist to persuade them to stay in swanage and the way to do that is to feed them with cheap advertisements. Residents would prefer shops on Station Road as there are shops that are aimed at residents as well as Tourist’s so everyone would be satisfied on station road. OPENING AND CLOSING TIMES OF SHOPS THE SECOND HYPOTHESIS Retail Opportunities in Swanage urgently need to be redeveloped to take into account the needs of local population This is the second hypothesis I will be focusing on and developing as well. This hypothesis is about redeveloping shops in Swanage that need to be redeveloped; I will be working on areas which are in desperate need of improvement. As I developing the areas of Swanage which need developing I will give explanations as to why I made that choice and what positive impacts can come from it. The main reason I am going to improve swanage town is because of the improvements people have stated in both the resident questionnaire and tourist questionnaires. The improvements they have made are realistic and true towards the area of swanage. Why would you improve swanage? There are many reasons as to why people would want to improve swanage the obvious reason is to make the living conditions better and the facilities to be more flexible with the needs of residents and tourists. Gathering information from the both questionnaires I feel that swanage does need improving. Better Car Parking would be a huge improvement as most people feel that is a huge downfall in swanage, there is never enough parking. More variety of shops is one suggestion that also seems to be popular in the tourist questionnaire which is understandable as tourists visit areas to shop not to be bored. Opening and Closing times of shops in another issue in swanage, it seems that shops close too early for residents so shops need to be opened later for all people to do last minute shopping. My development plan will support most of those improvements to make swanage a better area to visit. DEVELOPMENT PLAN EXPLANATIONS Development 1 and 2 – These are the first two improvements I have made, I have added two retail shopping areas. The reason why I did this is, is because in the residential questionnaire a large number of residents requested shopping areas that will also be open longer to accommodate the times of residents. The types of shops that will be around here are sports shops because that was also requested in the questionnaire a large amount of residents wanted this. Development 3 – As I said before in the previous explanation a handful of people wanted sports shops so I assumed that they would want leisure facilities as well. Because there are more Females than Males in Swanage it is only natural that some of the residents would request leisure facilities for football or basketball etc. Development 4 – This is the biggest request that the residents have made clear in the questionnaire; there wasn’t enough parking throughout swanage I have taken that complaint onboard and have now added a Free Car Parking facility for residents only. Because of this residents will find it easier to get to the shops without any hassle. Since residents already live in the area it would be foolish to pay for their own parking which is why I made car parking free, this was another improvement mentioned in the questionnaire. Development 5 – This is the area that will be having the food market once a week this is another request mentioned in the questionnaire I thought it was a good idea as it would give residents a chance to get food useful for their homes. Development 6 – Hairdressers will be added here because there are not enough hairdressers in the area so adding hairdressers will support the improvement of swanage Development 7 – This will be a huge Supermarket for all residents to support all there need whether it is food or clothes etc. Residents would really appreciate this as there are never enough supermarkets in swanage. This will improve swanage because more people will shop thereby putting more money into the swanage development. Development 8 – This will be the pedestrian path leading to the Supermarket people complain about there being too many cars which could get dangerous for most people Development 9 – This is the final improvement I will make in swanage, this area will be the picnic area/quiet area for residents who would just like a relaxing day. It is away from the supermarket so there will no collision with the people who want to relax and the people that want to shop. I would imagine this was requested by the older people of swanage These are the final improvements I have towards swanage based on the results of the questionnaire. On the next page of this coursework I will justify my coursework giving reason as to why it is effective and fits the needs of residents and if it will benefit them or not. JUSTIFICATION OF PLAN On this page I will evaluate my plan giving reason for why it is good plan and why I placed those specific facilities on the plan. I will also write about who benefits from the result of my plan. Why is my Plan Good? I feel my development plan is well planned out because I have placed facilities according to what people have said in the questionnaire, I took that on board on what the people wanted and added that in my plan. The Car Park issue from before as now been resolved because of my plan, there is now a huge Car Parking facility which is free for residents, so I managed to improve in two ways. Another way my plan is good is because I added a large supermarket for residents to use. Residents would find this very useful as they mentioned this in questionnaire. Most of the facilities did not take much thought it was mostly commence sense and guidance from the tourist and residential questionnaire. Who will benefit? Many people will benefit from this improvement change, one group in particular would be the elderly people because I have added a quiet area away from the excitement where people can relax and enjoy the day. Residents would appreciate this, as they can be in a clam environment which would calm them down if they were stressed. The male groups will benefit because I have added a leisure facility for all popular sport, for men who like sport this is one improvement that will make swanage for enjoyable. For the female groups I have added hairdresser facilities, women from swanage will appreciate this change because there are hardly any hairdressers in swanage and having one near residential houses will benefit residential women. What do I think my plan overall Overall I feel my plan is good because it satisfies the needs of residents and there won’t be any collisions with tourist shops. Everyone will be satisfied in the area they are in since the change I made to swanage. CONCLUSION AND EVALUATION Conclusion After all information gathered from questionnaires and statistics I have come to the conclusion that my hypothesis has been proven due to the fact that most all tourist and residents gave listed improvements for swanage. All the data analyzed led me to this conclusion and I feel I made that my conclusion has been proven. Although the conclusion I managed to come up with was true there are still areas in my coursework that I feel can improved. The explanations I gave for my maps and graphs could have been explained better with more evidence to prove my point. The statements I gave for development could’ve been explained more clearly but was still a satisfactory effort. Evaluation Overall I would say my project would be graded from a B to an A because I followed the criteria given and gave evidence to prove my point. I created diagram and graphs to prove another point. However as I said there are still areas for improvement which is the reason for the grade I have given. How to cite Swanage Geography Coursework, Papers

Walden By Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862) Essays - Lecturers

Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862) Walden by Henry David Thoreau (1817 - 1862) Type of Work: Natural history essay Setting Walden Pond, Concord, Massachusetts; 1845 to 1847 Journal Overveiw (The summer of 1845 found Henry David Thoreau living in a rude shack on the banks of Walden Pond. The actual property was owned by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the great American philosopher. Emerson had earlier published the treatise entitled "Nature," and the young Thoreau was profoundly affected by its call for individuality and self-reliance. Thoreau planted a small garden, took pen and paper, and began to scribe the record of life at Walden.) Thoreau's experiment in deliberate living began in March of 1845. By planting a two-and-a-half acre parcel borrowed from a neighbor who thought it useless, he harvested and sold enough peas, potatoes, corn, beans and turnips to build and to buy food. He purchased an old shanty from an Irish railroad worker and tore it down. He also cut timber from the woods surrounding Walden Pond. From the razed material, he was able to construct his cabin. He used the boards for siding and even salvaged the nails from the original shack. By mid-summer, the house was ready to inhabit. Thoreau built a fireplace and chimney for heat and cooking. He plastered the inside walls and made sure he could comfortably survive the freezing New England winters, Doing all the work himself and using only native material, the house cost only about twenty-eight dollars to build, less than Thoreau had to pay for a year's lodging at Harvard. But the main purpose for his experience was to allow time for writing, thinking, observing nature, and learning the "art of living." I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the essential facts of life, and see if I could not learn what it had to teach, and not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived ... I wanted to live deep and suck out all the marrow of life ... Thoreau also went to Walden with the firm belief that man was too encumbered with material things - too much possessed by his belongings. He believed that a man is rich only "in proportion to the number of things he can afford to let alone." One passage from Walden tells of an auction, held to dispose of a deacon neighbor's possessions. Thoreau scorned the affair, referring to the accumulations as "trumpetery" that had lain for "half a century in his garret and other dust holes": [And now] ... instead of a bonfire, or purifying destruction of them, there was an auction, of increasing of them. The neighbors eagerly collected to view them, bought them all, and carefully transported them to their garrets and dust holes, to lie there till their estates are settled, when they will start again. When a man dies he kicks the dust. All aspects of life for Thoreau focused on simplicity. He ate simple meals, his diet consisting mostly of rye, Indian meal, potatoes, rice, a little pork, salt and molasses. He drank water. On such foods he was able to live for as little as a dollar a month. "The cost of a thing," he reasoned, "is the amount of what I will call life which is required to be exchanged for it, immediately or in the long run." The naturalist seldom ate meat and never hunted. He was far too interested in preserving the animals around the pond: ... Every man who has ever been earnest to preserve his higher poetic faculties in the best condition, has been particularly inclined to abstain from animal food, or from much food of any kind. He did eat fish, but considered his time too valuable to spend merely fishing for food. And by following this Spartan ideology, Thoreau was left free to pursue which to him were the important aspects of life; namely, observing, pondering, reading, and writing. In warm evenings I frequently sat in the boat playing the flute, and saw perch, which I seem to haze charged, lowering around me, and the moon traveling over the ribbed bottom, which was strewn with the wrecks of the forest. While at Walden, Thoreau lived quite independently of time. He used neither clock nor calendar - free to study the local plants, birds and animals: "Time is but the stream I go-a fishing in. I drink at it; but while I drink I see the sandy bottom and detect how shallow it is." The only thing that reminded Thoreau of the hectic lives of others was the whistle of the Finchburg Railway train that passed

How does Shakespeare present the character of Prospero in The Tempest Essay Example

How does Shakespeare present the character of Prospero in The Tempest Essay Example How does Shakespeare present the character of Prospero in The Tempest Paper How does Shakespeare present the character of Prospero in The Tempest Paper but also deals with evil in, Antonio Prosperos brother. Who in my opinion is the meanest character in the play? The Tempest is a comedy, but not like we would think of comedy today, like My Family, but the audiences would have found it funny. The play is about Prosperos revenge and his desire to get his Dukedom back from his brother. Twelve years since, Miranda, twelve years since, thy father was the Duke of Milan and a prince of Power. Antonio had always been trusted by his brother like a good parent, did beget of him a falsehood in its contrary as great as my trust was, which had, indeed, no limit. But Antonios greed for power took control. So much so, he decided to cast his brother and Prosperos daughter, Miranda, adrift in a rotten carcass of a boat and he hoped to their death. Prospero is a powerful man with strong magical skills, a wizard he had held a superior position The Duke of Milan before his brother had planned with King Alonso of Naples to take over this position as permanent one. In the play we see a lot of changes in Prosperos Character. He has a lot of anger and revenge inside of him and as the play goes on we see a more forgiving side to his character. Prospero was the rightful Duke of Milan when he chose to study magic more extensively, so he temporarily gave his powers to his brother Antonio to govern the country. In Act one Scene two Prospero tells Miranda how they came to the island and how they managed to survive due to the kindness of Gonzalo, (An old lord) who gave them food clothes, and Prosperos magic books. By providence and divine some food we had, and some fresh water, that a noble Neapolitan, Gonzalo, out of his charity, When she becomes distressed at the story of his bothers betrayal and how Prospero has made the storm, The Tempest to bring his enemies to him,- he makes Miranda go to sleep. Was this due to the fact that she was distressed and he wanted to comfort her or was it a form of control? thou art inclined to sleep; tis a good dullness, and give it way: I know thou canst not choose . Prospero had not been unpopular as a Duke and that was probably why Antonio didnt want to kill him, as it would have caused problems with the Milanese people. I feel that Prospero was selfish to put his desire to study magic above looking after the needs of his people. The Government I cast upon my brother, And to my state grew stranger, being transported And rapt in secret studies. However I dont feel that Prospero deserved the fate of being abandoned on a desert island. It also shows he was too trusting of his brother Antonio and this was a weakness in his character. I think this is one reason why he is so tough on Ferdinand because he wants to be sure that he really loves Miranda. Prospero, still desperate to have control threatens him that their relationship will not be happy if, Thou dost break her virgin knot before all sanctimonious ceremonies may with full and holy rite be minstistered Prospero uses his magic for mostly selfish reasons. It is through his magic that he plans his revenge on his enemies. He could almost be a cruel sorcerer from the way in which he treats his enemies ,But his magic gives him Power which is the only thing he has if he is to get his Dukedom back. The wronged Duke of Milan, Prospero: For more assurance that a living prince Does now speak to thee, I embrace thy body; And to thee and thy company I bid A hearty welcome. It shows that Prospero wants, justice and reconciliation rather than just power. The use of supernatural powers is widely used throughout the play. Prospero uses magic to free Ariel from the magical prison which Sycorax imprisoned him in. When I arrived and heard thee, that made gape the pine and let thee out. This shows that Prospero felt sorry for Ariel, although he may also have had another reason, knowing that he could be useful to him, as Ariel too had magical powers. Prospero promises to free him once he has helped him to get what he wants. .. for which after two days I will discharge thee. Prospero appreciates Ariel, as he too knows what it is like to be a prisoner. But he still keeps power over him. If thou more murmurst, I will rend an oak and peg thee in his knotty entrails till thou hast howld away twelve winters. Prospero owes a lot to Ariel for without his help he wouldnt have been able to make the storm and caused the shipwreck. He wouldnt have been aware of Caliban , Stephano and Trinculoss plan to kill him. Ariel also makes the music which hypnotises many of the characters into doing things they wouldnt otherwise have done. Prospero releases Ariel as he promised, showing he is true to his word. I shall miss thee but yet thou shall have freedom. Prospero however has no similar feelings for Caliban, he calls him, Thou poisonous slave. A dull thing. Caliban hates Prospero as before he arrived on the island the island had been his, This island is mine by Sycorax my mother which thou takst from me But Prospero hates him most because he tried to rape his precious daughter Miranda. Thou didst seek to violate the honour of my child. He keeps Caliban as his slave and threatens him that he will torture him if he disobeys him. Ill rack thee with old cramps,Fill all thy bones with aches and make thee roar. His main enemies are Antonio and Sebastian but even for them he refuses to turn them into traitors by telling everyone of their scheming plans But you, my brace of lords, were I so minded, I here could pluck his highness frown upon you and justify you traitors at this time I will tell no tales. He knows he has to forgive them for order to be restored to their country. However his brother Antonio doesnt appear to have a conscience for all the bad things he did to his brother. He is a very dangerous and ambitious man. Sebastian is Alonsos brother he too is like Antonio and doesnt feel sorry for what he did. When Prospero meets up with Gonzalo he greats him warmly. Holy Gonzalo, honourable man and thanks him for providing him and his daughter with food and water O good Gonzalo my true preserver. He knows that Gonzalo is a loyal and Noble friend. Alonso has a conscience and he feels remorse over the wrongs he did and asks for forgiveness from Prospero The Dukedom I resign and entreat thou pardon me my wrongs. Prospero forgives Alonso welcome my friends all Its Prosperos desire for magic that gets him into this problem, but it also helps him to restore the situation. It shows how people can become obsessed by desires, but in the end Prosperos appreciates that his obsession was destructive. Ill break my staff, Bury it certain fathoms in the earth, And deeper than did ever plummet sound Ill drown my book. I think that Prosperos is a Mixture of both victim and Villain. As he tells the story of past events it is easier to believe him than too look at the other side of the story. By the end of the play I think that most of the people get what they deserve with most of the characters learning from the mistakes they made.

Aldebaran, the Fiery Orange-Red Eye of a Starry Bull

Aldebaran, the Fiery Orange-Red Eye of a Starry Bull Behind every star in the sky is a fascinating origin tale. Just as the Sun does, they shine by burning fuel in their cores and giving off light. And, like the Sun, many have their planets. All were born in a cloud of gas and dust millions or billions of years ago. And, eventually, all stars grow old and evolve. Thats whats happening to Aldebaran, a star that is practically a neighbor to our own star, the Sun, at 65 light-years distance. Youve probably seen Aldebaran in the constellation Taurus (which is visible to us at night from about October through March each year). Its the reddish-orange star at the top of the V-shaped face of the Bull. Observers in ancient times saw it as many things. The name Aldebaran is from the Arabic word for follower, and it does seem to follow along as the Pleiades star cluster rises higher in the sky late in the year. For the Greeks and Romans it was the eye or the heart of the bull. In India, it represented an astronomical house, and portrayed it a deitys daughter. Others around the world have associated it with the season to come, or even as an aid to the Pleiades (who, in some cultures, were seven women in the sky).   Observing Aldebaran The star itself is fairly easy to spot, particularly beginning in the evening skies of October each year. It also presents a remarkable  experience for skygazers patient enough to wait for it: an occultation. Aldebaran lies close to the ecliptic, which is the imaginary line along which the planets and Moon appear to move as seen from Earth. Occasionally, the Moon will slide between Earth and Aldebaran, essentially occulting it. The event is visible from northern hemisphere locations in the early autumn. Observers with a keen interest in watching it happen  through a telescope can see a detailed   view of the lunar surface  as the star slips slowly behind the Moon and then reappear a short time later. Why Is it in a Vee of Stars? Aldebaran looks like its part of a cluster of stars called the Hyades. This is a V-shaped moving association of stars that lies much farther away from us than Aldebaran does, at a distance of about 153 light-years. Aldebaran happens to lie in the line of sight between Earth and the cluster, so it appears to be part of the cluster. The Hyades themselves are fairly young stars, about 600 million years old. Theyre moving together through the galaxy and in a billion years or so, the stars will have evolved and grown older and scattered apart from each other. Aldebaran will have moved from its position, too, so future observers will no longer see an angry red eye at the top of a vee-shaped swarm of stars. What is Aldebarans Status? Technically speaking Aldebaran is a star that has stopped fusing hydrogen in its core (all stars do this at some point in their lives)  and is now fusing it in a shell of plasma surrounding the core. The core itself is made of helium and collapsed in on itself, sending the temperature and pressure soaring. That heats up the outer layers, causing them to swell. Aldebaran has puffed out so much that its now nearly 45 times the size of the Sun, and is now a red giant. It varies slightly in its brightness, and is slowly blowing its mass out to space. Aldebarans Future In the very distant future, Aldebaran may experience something called a helium flash in its future. This will happen if the core (which is made of helium atoms) gets so densely packed that helium starts trying to fuse to make carbon. The temperature of the core has to be at least 100,000,000 degrees before this will happen, and when it gets that hot, almost all the helium will fuse at once, in a flash. After that, Aldebaran will start to cool and shrink, losing its red giant status. The outer layers of the atmosphere will puff away, forming a glowing cloud of gas that astronomers refer to as a planetary nebula. This wont happen any time soon, but when it does, Aldebaran will, for a short time, glow even more brightly than it does now. Then, it will dim down, and fade slowly away.

General Biology - Summary and Review of Two Articles Article

General Biology - Summary and Review of Two Articles - Article Example Charles Darwin’s suggestion that life began from a warm little pond rich in nutrients also supported the concept; however, oceanographers still continue to find the oases of life on the seafloor. Meanwhile, a team of researchers discovered that the cellular fluid is very similar to condensed vapors found in volcanic mud pots on land and that terrestrial environments boast the high ratios of potassium and sodium compared to marine environments (Mosher, n.p.), which explains why cellular life probably began on land as cells are rich in potassium and sodium. The first cells were believed to have no complex proteins to pump excess sodium making them highly permeable and completely at the mercy of their environments. Geothermal fields on land such as mud pots are probably rich in potassium, an environment favorable to begin cellular life; however, scientists ignored the theory because the modern Earth is in acidic condition. I agree with what the scientists say that life began at primordial oceans. In my opinion, a warm, slimy mud fed by volcanically heated steam is not an ideal setting for cells to begin or either sustain life. I learned that a warm and moist environment could host bacterial cells but an environment with above boiling point temperature such as a volcanically heated steam could kill living cells thus, it is not possible for cellular life to begin in an environment that could kill them at once. In addition, I think that my perception about where cellular life began is true.

Effective Leadership in Virgin Group Company Assignment - 3

Effective Leadership in Virgin Group Company - Assignment Example Sir Branson has the quality of effective leadership, and he has the quality of being punctual and gives results to the organization. He also ensures that other employees working for him should consider the efficiency an important factor in their performance. Punctuality and hard works are the best things to measure the performance of the leader in the organization. He is famous in an organization because of his quality of the risk taker. The risks on investments are clearly identified by Sir Branson. The outcomes of the performances of the employees are the proof that the leadership of the organization is working effectively to enhance the position of the organization. Sir Branson communicates the requirement of the work to its employees in the much better way to increase the efficiency of workers. His workers easily got the idea about the instructions of their leader. Past performances of the employees of the organization are the evidence that the leadership is quite effective and efficient. The leader of the organization could be made more effective if the leader does not change for a couple of years. Unnecessary changing the leader because of the reason except the performance will be harmful to the organization. Performance of the effective leader could be recognized for his contribution towards the organization. His qualities of performance will put a reflection that has put a positive impact on the organization.Sir Branson is the quality of a passionate leader that take into his account the performance of the employees of the organization. He always remains punctual and teaches others to be punctual. Hardworking practices of the CEO of the company could be seen in the financial reports of the company for past many years.

A visit of charity Essays -- essays research papers

A Visit of Charity In the short story of "A Visit of Charity" by Eudora Welty, a fourteen-year-old girl visits two women in a home for the elderly to bring them a plant and to earn points for Campfire Girls. Welty implies through this story that neither the society that supports the home nor the girl, Marian, knows the meaning of the word "charity." Websterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s New World College Dictionary defines "charity" as "the love of man for his fellow men: an act of good will or affection." But instead of love, good will, and affection, self-interest, insensitivity, and dehumanization prevail in this story. Welty's description of the setting and her portrayal of Marian dramatize the theme that people's selfishness and insensitivity can blind them to the humanity and needs of others. Many features of the setting, a winter's day at a home for elderly women, suggest coldness, neglect, and dehumanization. Instead of evergreens or other vegetation that might lend softness or beauty to the place, the city has landscaped it with "prickly dark shrubs." Behind the shrubs the whitewashed walls of the Old Ladies' Home reflect "the winter sunlight like a block of ice." Welty also implies that the cold appearance of the nurse is due to the coolness in the building as well as to the stark, impersonal, white uniform she is wearing. Perhaps the clearest evidence of dehumanization is the small, crowded rooms, each inhabited by two older wom...

Can biology learning process be improved through language

This action research aimed to better the acquisition and instruction of biological science at Form III degree by bettering the linguistic communication literacy of the pupils. The survey was both qualitative and quantitative as both attacks were related to each other for breath and deepness of analysis, which helped in the bite of information. In this chapter on methodological analysis I explain why action research was the best pick harmonizing to me, what were the analysis processes, ethical considerations, cogency, dependability and reflexiveness. The definition of an Action Research and the model of the Action Research survey, dwelling of planning, moving, detecting and reflecting are besides discussed. 3.1 Research paradigms The intent of this research is to better Biology instruction and larning through linguistic communication literacy. In order to make up one's mind which research methods to utilize it is of import to hold a expression at different research theoretical accounts. Research workers have assorted positions about the universe and hence, utilize different logics and techniques to look into it. Consequently there have been two chief viing theoretical accounts which have evolved: the rationalist besides called quantitative paradigm and the interpretative besides known as the qualitative paradigm ( Hammersley & A ; Atkinson, 1997 ; Bassey, 1995 ) . A paradigm can be defined as â€Å" a basic belief system or universe position that guides the probe † ( Guba & A ; Lincoln, 1994, p.105 in Denzin & A ; Lincoln, 2000 ) . The following efforts to cast some visible radiation on the rationalist and interpretative paradigms.3.1.1 The rationalist paradigmThe rationalist is linked with a world â⠂¬Ëœout there ‘ in the universe that exists whether or non, irrespective of who observes. Harmonizing to Cohen et Al. ( 2000 ) , â€Å" The ontological and epistemic footing of positivism is a belief in a individual independently bing world that can be accessed by research workers following an objectivist attack to the acquisition of cognition. † The research worker and the object of research are assumed to be independent entities. The rationalist can analyze the object without act uponing it or being influenced by it. Whenever any influence is recognized, schemes are adopted to command it. The methodological analysis of the rationalist paradigm is based on the theoretical account of the societal scientific disciplines. The perceiver is separate from the entities that are capable to observation ( Bassey, 1999 ; Silverman, 2000 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Opie ( 2004 ) , â€Å" taking a rationalist attack to educational research will about surely lead to processs, which result in the aggregation of quantitative informations and proving hypotheses, such as informations from questionnaires and difficult facts from experimental work. † The rationalists do non take into account their values. They carefully manipulate variables to forestall outcomes from being improperly influenced.3.1.2 The interpretative paradigmWorld is seen as a concept of a human head in the interpretative paradigm. Peoples perceive and so interpret the universe in ways, which are frequently similar, but non needfully the same. The interpretative paradigm is qualitative. This paradigm is conce rned with significances and the manner people understand things and forms of behaviours ( Denscome, 1998 ) . As Blaikie ( 2000 ) provinces in Mason, J. ( 2002, pp 56 ) Interpretivists are concerned with understanding the societal universe people have produced and which they reproduce through their continuing activities. This mundane world consists of the significances and readings given by the societal histrions to their actions, other people ‘s actions, societal state of affairss and natural and humanly created objects. † ( 2000: 115 ) . Furthermore, harmonizing to Mason, J. ( 2002, pp 56 ) , â€Å" interpretative attacks, nevertheless, is that they see people, and their readings, perceptual experiences, significances and apprehensions, as the primary informations beginnings. Interpretivism does non hold to trust on â€Å" entire submergence in a scene ‘ hence, and can happily back up a survey which uses interview. † The interpretative research worker has a detailed, rich and empathetic description, written straight and slightly informally ( Bassey, 1995 ) .3.1.3 Research paradigm for my researchHarmonizing to Grim et Al ( 2006 ) the divide between quantitative and qualitative societal methodological analysiss is so dramatic. A semi quanti-qualitative research I believe suited me best. For the intents of this survey, foremost of all the qualitative attack was adopted because it is in line with the thought of Creswell who states that the end of qualitative research â€Å" is to trust every bit much as possible on the participants ‘ positions of the state of affairs being studied † ( Creswell 2003, p. 8 ) . . Furthermore, this method was chosen because the research worker ‘s function will be that of a non-participant perceiver. Interviews, group treatments, observation and contemplation field notes, research journal, and analysis of paperss were done. The quantitative processs on the other manus were besides used for illustration through questionnaires in my methodological analysis.3.2 Action researchAction research is a procedure in which participants examine their ain educational pattern consistently and carefully, utilizing the techniques of research. It is based on the undermentioned premises: aˆ? Teachers work best on jobs they have identified for themselves aˆ? Teachers go more effectual when encouraged to analyze and measure their ain work and so see ways of working otherwise aˆ? Working with co-workers helps instructors in their professional development ( Watts, 1985, p. 118 ) . Implicit in the term action research is the thought that it begins with a rhythm of presenting inquiries, garnering informations, contemplation, and make up one's minding on a class of action. Typically, action research is undertaken in a school scene. It is a brooding procedure that allows for enquiry and treatment as constituents of the â€Å" research. † Frequently, action research is a collaborative activity seeking for solutions to jobs experienced in schools, or looking for ways to better direction and increase pupil accomplishment. Rather than covering with the theoretical, action research allows practicians to turn to those concerns that are closest to them, 1s over which they can exhibit some influence and do alteration. Furthermore, the procedure of action research assists pedagogues in measuring demands, documenting the stairss of enquiry, analysing informations, and doing informed determinations that can take to coveted results. Action research involves a self-reflective spiral of planning, moving, detecting, reflecting and re-planning. It provides flexibility well-suited to altering state of affairss due to its cyclic or coiling procedure. Within each rhythm there is action followed by critical contemplation. Stairss in Action Research Within all the definitions of action research, there are four basic subjects: authorization of participants, coaction through engagement, acquisition of cognition, and societal alteration. In carry oning action research, we construction modus operandis for uninterrupted confrontation with informations on the wellness of a school community. These modus operandis are slackly guided by motion through five stages of enquiry: 1. Designation of job country 2. Collection and organisation of informations 3. Interpretation of informations 4. Action based on informations 5. Contemplation ( Ferrance, E. 2000, p.6 ) I have chosen to make action research because it is a brooding probe of a problem.A The procedure will get down with the development of inquiries, which will be answered by the aggregation of informations. I will roll up informations, analyze, and construe all the consequences. Furthermore, I adopted the action research theoretical account because it is simple, systematic, and comparatively easy to utilize in the schoolroom, but most of all, appropriate for my research rubric. This theoretical account besides provides me with the chance to analyze and reflect on my instruction schemes and manners in an effort to increase linguistic communication literacy among my signifier 3 pupils in the acquisition of biological science every bit good as bettering my ain pattern and hence, lending to my ain uninterrupted professional development. There are several qualities of action research which allow it to prosecute strict apprehension: The engagement of all interested parties provides more information about the state of affairsA ACritical contemplation in each rhythm provides many opportunities to rectify mistakes. This is particularly so when there are rhythms within rhythms within rhythms, and where the critical contemplation is characterised by a vigorous hunt for disconfirming groundsA AWithin each rhythm the premises underlying the programs are tested in action.3.3 Research rhythmsA normally known rhythm is that of the influential theoretical account of Kemmis and McTaggart ( 1988 ) who believe in – program, act, observe, reflect ; and so, in the visible radiation of this, program for the following rhythm. It is the cyclic nature of action research, which allows responsiveness.A To my head, a cyclic procedure is of import because it gives more opportunities to larn from experience if there is existent contemplation on the procedure and on the results, intended and unintended. Furthermore, Action researc h allows us the chance to determine and polish our ain instruction and to construct on our ain successes. The process for this research will be chiefly learner centered, where the pupils will larn by making.3.4 Research InstrumentsThis subdivision contains description on how I conducted my research, with peculiar accent on research instruments. These are important in the procedure of roll uping information to reply the research inquiries and/or confirm or reject premises. There are different types of informations aggregation instruments, each with its ain specific properties, thereby geting specific utilizations. In this peculiar research, the observation agenda, research journal, equal observations, artifacts, and concentrate groups were used as instruments to roll up informations, in an effort to depict to the full and every bit amply as possible, whether the acquisition and instruction of biological science improved through linguistic communication literacy.3.4.1Observation agend aA really common method of research instrument is called observation agenda. In this instance the research worker has the function of non-participant perceiver. Non-participant observation involves the research worker acquiring into state of affairss where behaviour, interactions, and so on can be observed at first manus ( Harvey & A ; Mc Donald, 1993 ) . I undertook this method and walked about, casually, at the location to be researched, at a good clip to carry on research. The principle for utilizing observation as a tool for informations aggregation was to measure the pupils ‘ public presentation and how they reacted to assorted schemes. Furthermore, this research instrument was used because it normally collects really dependable, high-quality informations, and is regarded as being a cost effectual method of carry oning research. A big sum of information could besides be gathered in a short clip. As Cohen et Al ( 2000, pp 305 ) says, ‘Observation enables research workers to understand the context of programmes, to be open-ended and inductive, to see things that might otherwise be unconsciously missed, to detect things that participants might non freely speak about in interview state of affairss, to travel beyond perception-based informations and to entree personal-knowledge. ‘ Furthermore, as Cohen et Al ( 2000, pp 315 ) provinces, â€Å" Observation methods are powerful tools for deriving penetration into state of affairss. As with other informations aggregation techniques, they are beset by issues of cogency and dependability. Even low illation observation, is itself extremely selective, merely as perceptual experience is selective. † Furthermore, the covert engagement observation was used ( that is where the research worker does non uncover the grounds of her observation ) during normal biological science categories to cut down the component of prejudice to bring forth more dependable and valid information. This was done to decrease the incidence of the presence of the research worker to impact the behaviour of the pupils under survey. I wanted all the participants to act usually although they were expected to pass on merely in English linguistic communication every bit far as possible. In footings of cogency besides, experimental research findings are considered strong. Trochim ( 2000 ) states that cogency is the best available estimate to the truth of a given proposition, illation, or decision. Harmonizing to him, experimental research findings are considered strong in cogency because the research worker is able to roll up in depth information about a peculiar behavior and the usage of multiple beginnings of in formation helps increase cogency.3.4.1.1Structured observationStructured observations utilizing checklists coupled with a evaluation graduated table was used during the survey. The checklists allowed me to corroborate if a pre-specified behaviour was present. The usage of a checklist besides allows to concentrate on the precise facets of behavior to be analysed and circumvents a superficial overview of the schoolroom kineticss ( Macintyre, 2000 ) .3.4.1.2 Informal observationInformal observations were planned when transporting out the assorted lessons so as to enter information in a methodical manner in the research journal. This allows for contemplation on the troubles encountered and the behaviour of pupils.3.4.2 InterviewsHarmonizing to Freebody, P. ( 2003, p 137 ) , â€Å" Interviewing is best understood as an interactive event in which members of a civilization draw on and reconstruct their shared cultural cognition, including their cognition about how members-of-their-certain -kinds routinely speak in such scenes. † Informal interviews were carried out with the focal point group pupils. The feedback obtained from the interview was most constructive because the pupils were critical and had a different perceptual experience of the instruction and larning procedures from that of the instructor. They were a really enriching beginning of information because it was the pupils ‘ voice could be heard. The informal interviews were besides really valuable because they provided instant feedbacks on the research procedure, and helpful suggestions for betterment.3.4.3 QuestionnairesStudents questionnaires ( See Appendix **** ) were designed to assist the instructor research worker on her pattern and to inform her on future work.3.4.3.1Justification of questionnaire3.4.3.2Questionnaire design3.4.3.3Pre-test of questionnaire3.4.4 Research journalThe instrument I used to enter observations was a research journal. For each observation, the day of the month, clip, continuance, and description of information s observed were written. I jotted down notes in a journal that served as memory assistance and afterwards every bit shortly as possible full field notes were constructed. ( Hoepfl, 1997 ) .3.4.5 Peer observationsA co-worker from the Biology section was asked to go to some of the Sessionss and to observe down his observation in a checklist that was provided to him. He was asked to look for direction of resources, direction of clip, whether the aims of the lesson was met, schoolroom direction, and category engagement ( Refer to peer checklist in appendix **** ) . This instrument was used to triangulate informations and to formalize the action research.3.4.6 ArtifactsStudent ‘s books and work were collected for rating. For this intent, I designed a marker strategy, establishing on which I have judged the quality of work of the pupils. The taging strategy consisted of different standards. Each standard was allocated 4 Markss, giving a sum of 20 Markss. These tonss were so compared to estimate any betterment or advancement in pupils ‘ public presentation. ( Refer to appendix ****** for a sample of the taging strategy )3.4.7 Focus GroupsA focal point group is another first-class type of informations aggregation instrument, which has specific features, properties, and uses. Focus groups are meetings affecting groups of persons who have been selected by the research worker, who are peculiarly observed for the specific research subject. In this regard, frequent meetings were organised affecting the nine pupils who were observed for the research. Through these meetings, I tried to happen out from pupils if the schemes that were employed in the lessons were making all the pupils. It was after run intoing the pupils that I could acquire a better penetration on the activities to transport out to better the authorship of pupils.3.4.8 Critical friends3.5 SamplingSampling is important for analysis. For the intent of this thesis, I carried out purposive sampling. H ence, I chose a purposive sample of 30 % of 27 pupils in a signifier 3 category where I work. This sampling is representative of the mark population. The pupils are of low ability but among them, there are some pupils who tend to make better than the others. Hence, for trying, 30 % of the population was chosen stand foring a figure of 9 pupils. I sampled them as follows ; three high winners, three norm and three low winners. However, I would wish to indicate out here that when I refer to high achiever and low winner, it is non in its actual sense because all the pupils are of low ability. Here, high winner refers to those pupils who ever come out foremost, 2nd and 3rd in the tests and low winner refers to those who tend to be ranked among the last in the category.3.6 Student ‘s ProfileThe population of involvement for this survey consist of 27 pupils ( aged 14-15 ) in a signifier III category of a miss ‘s urban secondary school. The pupils joined the college with really hapless C.P.E. consequences. The pedagogues have to work hard with these pupils to do them come out with winging colorss in the S.C. test. The bulk of them belong to below middle-class households. This peculiar category was selected because it is the lone signifier three category where I work.3.7 TriangulationHarmonizing to Silverman ( 2008 ) triangulation is a research scheme whose major premise is that sociological research is a find procedure designed to acquire an nonsubjective truth that may be systematized as a formal theory of societal construction and procedure. It assumes that looking at an object fro more than one point of view provides research workers and theoreticians with more comprehensive cognition about the object. Furthermore, harmonizing to Freeman, D ( 1998, pg 96 ) , â€Å" triangulation is about what makes something hardy, able to back up its won weight, and hence reliable. Triangulation information beginnings are a affair of where you acquire your information ; triangulation aggregation methods are affair of changing the ways in which you gather that information. † Therefore, to minimise defects for the action research, I made usage of cross- scrutiny as an of import manner of look intoing that the grounds collected is every bit accurate as possible. The assorted research instruments used helped in triangulating informations and render the undertaking strong in footings of cogency and dependability. The triangulation method used as informations aggregation ( Figure aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ ) provided a step of cogency affecting the assemblage of informations from three different points of positions, viz. , that of the instructor, the pupils and a participant perceiver. Direct Teacher Observation Using a Checklist DATA COLLECTING TOOLS Participant Observation/Peer Validation Student Questionnaires Informal InterviewsFigureaˆÂ ¦aˆÂ ¦ . : The program for Triangulation Data Collection during the survey.Validity and dependabilityAs Silverman ( 1998 ) in Freebody, P. ( 2003, p 168 ) , â€Å" qualitative research workers in instruction demand to take earnestly the demands for dependability and cogency. † Denscombe, M. ( 1998, pg 85 ) , â€Å" Sing things from different position and the chance to confirm findings can heighten the cogency of the informations. They do non turn out that the research worker has ‘got it right ‘ , but they do give some assurance that the significance of the information has some consistence across methods. † As Silverman ( 1998 ) in Freebody, P. ( 2003, p. 168 ) , reveals qualitative research workers in instruction demand to take earnestly the demands for dependability and cogency. And harmonizing to Bassey ( 1999, p. 75 ) , dependability is the extent to which a research fact or determination can be repeated, given the same fortunes, and cogency is the extent to which a research fact or determination is what it is claimed to be. Furthermore, Kirk and Miller ( 1986 pp 20 ) define dependability as ‘the grade to which the determination is independent of inadvertent fortunes of the research ‘ . Furthermore, Silverman ( 2001, pp207-208 ) points out that look intoing the dependability is closely related to guaranting the quality of field notes. My research survey involved both qualitative and quantitative informations. The qualitative and quantitative researches seek for both dependability and cogency to supply a agency of garnering informations. Denscombe ( 1998, p. 85 ) , points out seeing things from different position and the chance to confirm findings can heighten the cogency of the information. The writer besides reveals that they do non turn out that the research worker has ‘got it right ‘ , but they do give some assurance that the significance of the information has some consistence across methods. This was done by the usage of the triangulation to back up the truth of the information gathered during my survey. The triangulation method used as informations aggregation provided a step of cogency affecting the assemblage of informations from different points of positions, viz. the pedagogues, students and co-workers.3.9 ReflexivityCarr and Kemmis ( 1986 ) commented reflexiveness as being: â€Å" Social life is automatic ; that is, it has the capacity to alter as our cognition and thought alterations, therefore making new signifiers of societal life which can, in their bend, be reconstructed. Social and educational theories must get by with this reflexiveness ; the ‘truths ‘ they tell must be seen as replies to peculiar inquiries asked in the rational context of a peculiar clip. † Carr and Kemmis ( 1986, p. 43 ) In connexion to my research undertaking, I applied reflexiveness by tie ining my research with all those concern viz. the school where I am working, my co-workers and the pupils involved in the survey. It was really of import for me to obtain informations, whether quantitative or qualitative, which are reliable to the research I am undergoing. I made it really clear to all those concerned that the research I am making will be good to the school, to the pupils and others pedagogues in this field of survey and last but non least to assist me in my professional development in being an pedagogue.3.10 Boundary lines and Restrictions3.11. Ethical considerationsAs Watt ( 1995, p. 1 ) mentioned, run intoing ethical standards leads non merely to a comparatively clear research scruples but to better research. Indeed Bassey ( 1999, p. 73 ) further refer research moralss under three headers: regard for democracy, regard for truth and regard for individuals. I conducted my survey following the re gulations of educational moralss. In order to keep rigorous ethical criterions to transport out the research, it was of import that I follow an established ethical guideline. So, at the really beginning of the research, the name of the school where the survey was carried out was non mentioned for the interest of confidentiality. Before get downing my research, I seeked the permission and credence of the Rector of my school ( Refer to appendixaˆÂ ¦. ) . The curate was informed about my research, its purpose, the agencies of roll uping the information and the deductions of the survey for the schools, my section and the students. A missive was addressed to the parents through the selected students to corroborate engagement in the survey. I wanted the participants to be in a place to give informed consent ( Cohen et al. , 2000 ) sing their engagement in the research. The pupils were informed about the intent and purpose of the survey and that they will be chosen as a sample to tran sport out a survey.The individuality of all participants was protected and anonyms were used in the thesis for confidentiality. The mark group was made cognizant that their work was being observed for the intent of research. The pupils were told that their work would be taken as artifacts and whatever observation would be made, would stay confidential, and in no manner be used against them. No parent and pupil had any expostulation.3.12 DecisionAn action research is the best-organized procedure of happening solutions to jobs through a planned and systematic aggregation, analysis, and reading of informations. Therefore, through this action research, I want to portion my cognition and experience about the betterment of instruction and acquisition of biological science through linguistic communication literacy, to fellow co-workers involved in the educational field.

The Embryonic Stem Cell Conflict Essay - 1271 Words

Many of the criticisms directed towards the advent of stem cell research have centered on the source of the most scientifically useful types of stem cells—pre-implantation human embryos. Unfortunately, harvesting embryonic stem cells typically results in the destruction of the embryo from which they are harvested, which gives rise to a moral dilemma: is it ethically acceptable to destroy an embryo’s potential to life? Those who are against human embryonic stem cell research will answer you with an emphatic â€Å"no†; they usually argue much like pro-lifers—â€Å"†¦human embryos have an equal standing to all living persons†¦ and destroying them is akin to murder† (Hyuu 71). However, to halt stem cell research solely because an embryo has the potential†¦show more content†¦According to Alenzi, â€Å"Stem cells are immature, unspecialized cells that their developmental direction has not yet been determined† (19929), and becaus e they do not yet serve any meaningful purpose, stem cells are capable of becoming virtually any specialized cell in the body; they can become nerve cells, blood cells, skin cells, and just about any other cell you can think of. There is a variety of sources from which stem cells may be obtained. These sources include (but are not limited to): human embryos, the blood from the umbilical cord, and even various organs from full grown adults. However, as I have mentioned before, the controversy emanates from the fact that human embryos are the preferred source for stem cells, due to their vast regenerative capabilities. While it is possible to safely harvest stem cells from full grown adults (adult stem cells), the stem cells harvested would lack the pluripotency (ability to become any specialized cell) of embryonic stem cells; whereas embryonic stem cells can differentiate into any cell, adult stem cells can only become specialized cells from the tissue in which they reside (multipotency). For example, hematopoietic stem cells— found in the bone marrow of adults— can become all mature blood cell types, but cannot become muscle cells or any other type of cell found in the body. Similar to adult s tem cells, most of the other sourcesShow MoreRelatedResearch On Stem Cell Research1582 Words   |  7 Pagescreates conflicts and dilemmas is stem cell research. The conflicts are specific types of stem cells are unethical and not morally right to research on, but not all stem cells are this way. Stem cell research is the study of different types of stem cells and their possible clinical uses. Stem cells can be developed to act as treatments for different types of illnesses and diseases, but currently no push for funding the advancement of research on stem cells are being taken. Even though some stem cellsRead MoreEssay about Embryonic Stem Cell Research1357 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Embryonic Stem Cell Research Embryonic stem cell research is a highly controversial topic in todays society, this kind of stem cell commits to regenerate any type of tissue. Unfortunately, Embryonic Stem Cell Research has a dark side. To obtain these cells will kill the embryo automatically. In other words, the acquirement of the Human Embryonic Stem Cell includes performing an abortion. To obtain these cells, it would kill the embryo. This has created controversy since abortion is suchRead MoreSupport of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Essay769 Words   |  4 PagesEmbryonic stem cell is one of the most controversial, widely discussed medical issues in the United States today. 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